Could Breastmilk Help Protect Babies From Respiratory Infections?

Breastmilk is incredibly complex, containing much more than just nutrition. New research is helping scientists understand how some of its naturally occurring proteins may also play a role in a baby's developing immune system.

Researchers from the University of Queensland have been studying a protein called osteopontin, which is naturally present in breastmilk. Their findings suggest it may influence the development of the gut microbiome and, in turn, the immune system's response to respiratory infections.

What did the researchers find?

The researchers studied the effects of osteopontin in infant mice. They found that the protein appeared to influence bacteria within the gut and helped shape immune responses that could provide protection against respiratory infections.

This is particularly interesting because the gut and immune system are closely connected. During the first months of life, a baby's gut microbiome is developing rapidly, and breastmilk contains many components that can interact with this process.

What does this mean for babies?

While the findings are fascinating, it's important to keep them in perspective. The research discussed here involved mice rather than human babies, so we can't yet say that osteopontin in breastmilk will prevent respiratory infections in babies.

Further research in humans is needed to understand exactly how these findings translate to infant health.

What the research does demonstrate is just how biologically complex breastmilk is. Alongside fats, carbohydrates and proteins needed for growth, breastmilk contains antibodies, enzymes, hormones and many other bioactive components that scientists are continuing to investigate.

The bigger picture

Research like this can help us better understand the remarkable biology of human milk, but it shouldn't become another source of pressure for parents.

Breastfeeding experiences are different for every family. Some babies are exclusively breastfed, others receive expressed milk, combination feeding or formula, and circumstances can change along the way.

If you're breastfeeding and finding things difficult, getting individual support early can make a significant difference. An IBCLC can help assess what's happening, work through feeding challenges and help you find an approach that works for you and your baby.